SDV contains a Synthetic Data Evaluation Framework that facilitates the task of evaluating the quality of your Synthetic Dataset by applying multiple Synthetic Data Metrics on it and reporting results in a comprehensive way.
To evaluate the quality of synthetic data we essentially need two things: real data and synthetic data that pretends to resemble it.
Let us start by loading a demo table and generate a synthetic replica of it using the GaussianCopula model.
GaussianCopula
In [1]: from sdv.demo import load_tabular_demo In [2]: from sdv.tabular import GaussianCopula In [3]: real_data = load_tabular_demo('student_placements') In [4]: model = GaussianCopula() In [5]: model.fit(real_data) In [6]: synthetic_data = model.sample()
After the previous steps we will have two tables:
real_data: A table containing data about student placements
real_data
In [7]: real_data.head() Out[7]: student_id gender second_perc high_perc high_spec degree_perc degree_type work_experience experience_years employability_perc mba_spec mba_perc salary placed start_date end_date duration 0 17264 M 67.00 91.00 Commerce 58.00 Sci&Tech False 0 55.0 Mkt&HR 58.80 27000.0 True 2020-07-23 2020-10-12 3.0 1 17265 M 79.33 78.33 Science 77.48 Sci&Tech True 1 86.5 Mkt&Fin 66.28 20000.0 True 2020-01-11 2020-04-09 3.0 2 17266 M 65.00 68.00 Arts 64.00 Comm&Mgmt False 0 75.0 Mkt&Fin 57.80 25000.0 True 2020-01-26 2020-07-13 6.0 3 17267 M 56.00 52.00 Science 52.00 Sci&Tech False 0 66.0 Mkt&HR 59.43 NaN False NaT NaT NaN 4 17268 M 85.80 73.60 Commerce 73.30 Comm&Mgmt False 0 96.8 Mkt&Fin 55.50 42500.0 True 2020-07-04 2020-09-27 3.0
synthetic_data: A synthetically generated table that contains data in the same format and with similar statistical properties as the real_data.
synthetic_data
In [8]: synthetic_data.head() Out[8]: student_id gender second_perc high_perc high_spec degree_perc degree_type work_experience experience_years employability_perc mba_spec mba_perc salary placed start_date end_date duration 0 17313 M 41.068012 56.085381 Commerce 44.883622 Comm&Mgmt False 1 50.014502 Mkt&HR 50.329875 24956.891559 True 2020-04-05 2021-04-11 12.0 1 17459 M 83.551016 65.519349 Commerce 67.995809 Sci&Tech False 1 77.288552 Mkt&Fin 66.383096 31318.783931 True 2020-01-25 2020-07-03 NaN 2 17459 F 71.216682 68.833595 Commerce 85.226367 Comm&Mgmt False 0 54.276205 Mkt&Fin 67.559014 25514.777281 True 2020-01-08 2020-02-05 3.0 3 17298 M 80.828939 76.962830 Commerce 73.777104 Comm&Mgmt False 1 75.191165 Mkt&Fin 78.558689 35690.903886 True 2020-01-11 2020-06-09 3.0 4 17440 F 63.275924 62.635678 Commerce 61.609046 Comm&Mgmt False 1 65.422342 Mkt&Fin 71.237561 32701.627256 True 2020-01-06 2020-01-06 3.0
Note
For more details about this process, please visit the GaussianCopula Model guide.
The simplest way to see how similar the two tables are is to import the sdv.evaluation.evaluate function and run it passing both the synthetic_data and the real_data tables.
sdv.evaluation.evaluate
In [9]: from sdv.evaluation import evaluate In [10]: evaluate(synthetic_data, real_data) Out[10]: 0.6093353724148053
The output of this function call will be a number between 0 and 1 that will indicate how similar the two tables are, being 0 the worst and 1 the best possible score.
The evaluate function applies a collection of pre-configured metric functions and returns the average of the scores that the data obtained on each one of them. In most scenarios this can be enough to get an idea about the similarity of the two tables, but you might want to explore the metrics in more detail.
evaluate
In order to see the different metrics that were applied you can pass and additional argument aggregate=False, which will make the evaluate function return a dictionary with the scores that each one of the metrics functions returned:
aggregate=False
In [11]: evaluate(synthetic_data, real_data, aggregate=False) Out[11]: metric name raw_score normalized_score min_value max_value goal 1 LogisticDetection LogisticRegression Detection 0.339336 3.393359e-01 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE 2 SVCDetection SVC Detection 0.406922 4.069220e-01 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE 11 GMLogLikelihood GaussianMixture Log Likelihood -42.161881 4.890215e-19 -inf inf MAXIMIZE 12 CSTest Chi-Squared 0.896715 8.967145e-01 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE 13 KSTest Inverted Kolmogorov-Smirnov D statistic 0.928488 9.284884e-01 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE 14 KSTestExtended Inverted Kolmogorov-Smirnov D statistic 0.921395 9.213953e-01 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE 27 ContinuousKLDivergence Continuous Kullback–Leibler Divergence 0.581344 5.813441e-01 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE 28 DiscreteKLDivergence Discrete Kullback–Leibler Divergence 0.828046 8.280459e-01 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE
By default, the evaluate function will apply all the metrics that are included within the SDV Evaluation framework. However, the list of metrics that are applied can be controlled by passing a list with the names of the metrics that you want to apply.
For example, if you were interested on obtaining only the CSTest and KSTest metrics you can call the evaluate function as follows:
CSTest
KSTest
In [12]: evaluate(synthetic_data, real_data, metrics=['CSTest', 'KSTest']) Out[12]: 0.9126014582897475
Or, if we want to see the scores separately:
In [13]: evaluate(synthetic_data, real_data, metrics=['CSTest', 'KSTest'], aggregate=False) Out[13]: metric name raw_score normalized_score min_value max_value goal 0 CSTest Chi-Squared 0.896715 0.896715 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE 1 KSTest Inverted Kolmogorov-Smirnov D statistic 0.928488 0.928488 0.0 1.0 MAXIMIZE
For more details about all the metrics that exist for the different data modalities please check the corresponding guides.